What is Food Poisoning?

Food poisoning, also known as a foodborne illness, happens when you eat or drink something contaminated with harmful bacteria, viruses, or toxins. Common causes include undercooked meat, unwashed produce, or food left out too long. Each year, millions of Americans experience food poisoning, usually during the summer or holiday season, with symptoms ranging from mild stomach upset to serious health problems. 

Common Causes of Food Poisoning

Food poisoning often comes from germs that can grow in food. The most common culprits include:

  • Salmonella
  • E. coli
  • Listeria
  • Shigella
  • Campylobacter
  • Clostridium perfringens
  • Staphylococcus aureus

These germs spread easily if food is not handled, cooked, or stored properly.

Signs and Symptoms of Food Poisoning

After eating contaminated food, food poisoning symptoms can develop within hours or sometimes days.

Common signs of food poisoning:

  • Upset stomach or nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Stomach cramps
  • Diarrhea
  • Fever

Frequently Asked Questions

How soon can food poisoning occur?

It often starts within 12–48 hours, but timing can vary depending on the cause.

How do you know if you have food poisoning?

The most common signs of food poisoning include upset stomach, vomiting, diarrhea, and stomach cramps. If you recently ate food that may not have been cooked, cleaned, or stored properly and now feel sick, you may have food poisoning.

How long does food poisoning last?

Most cases of food poisoning last around 1 to 3 days. In more serious cases, especially with infections like Salmonella or E. coli, it can last longer. If your symptoms don’t improve within a few days, or if you notice blood in your stool, high fever, or severe dehydration, call your doctor right away.

Food Poisoning Treatment

Most people get better without medical treatment. The best food poisoning treatment is simple:

  • Rest
  • Drink plenty of fluids to avoid dehydration
  • Eat bland foods as tolerated

Seek medical care if you have:

  • Severe dehydration (little or no urination, dizziness, extreme thirst)
  • High fever
  • Diarrhea lasting more than 3 days
  • Vomiting that won’t stop
  • Blood in stool

How to Prevent Food Poisoning

Simple steps can help lower your risk of foodborne illness:

  • Wash your hands with warm, soapy water for at least 20 seconds after using the bathroom.
  • Wash your hands after touching raw meat.
  • Thaw meat in the fridge or microwave, not on the counter.
  • Cook meats to safe internal temperatures
  • Keep hot foods hot and cold foods cold
  • Refrigerate leftovers promptly
  • Wash fruits and vegetables before eating
  • Use clean cutting boards and utensils with hot, soapy water.
  • Never taste food that looks or smells bad.

Call for Poison Help

If you think you may have food poisoning and need expert advice, the Iowa Poison Control Center is here 24/7.

Call the Poison Help Line at: 1-800-222-1222

You’ll be connected with trained healthcare professionals who can help with food poisoning diagnosis and guidance on next steps.

Helpful Numbers

  • USDA Meat & Poultry Hotline: 1-888-MPHotline (1-888-674-6854)
  • Iowa Poison Control Center: 1-800-222-1222

Helpful Links